|
On the management mode of project-driven intellective enterprise Liu guojing Zhang Lei项目管理者联盟
（Management school of xian Jiaotong university ,china, 710049） Abstract: Since the business environment has been changing a lot since the beginning of 20th-century,the intellective enterprise plays the role of creating and spreading abroad knowledge. it’s the basis which push the society to develop fast. The project-driven intellective enterprise has the characteristics of rapid innovation and development, but its faces to high business risk. Firstly, the characteristics of this kind enterprise have been given in this paper. Then the development course of the enterprise and its core competence has also been discussed. Finally, the succeed management mode of the enterprise has been described in this paper. 项目管理者联盟
Key words：project project-management intellective enterprise core competence Introduction
项目管理者联盟
The intellective enterprise is taking the responsibility of creating and spreading knowledge while creating the job opportunities and wealth for our society. It is the innovation media of the economy development in modern knowledge-based society. Nowadays, the project-driven intellective enterprises are facing many risks and challenges in the new situation. It is uneasy for the traditional project management mode and rigid mode to adapt to the variable requirements of the enterprise product’s quality, time, cost and service .The risk of management is increasing quickly. Due to the characteristic of uncertainty in new business circumstance, the traditional businesses in enterprises has changed a lot, that is, they has the characteristic of project’s. The main characteristic of manufacture are changed to basically diversify and small sum of products. The project-driven intellective enterprise is distinguished different from the traditional project –driven enterprise. The project-driven intellective enterprises are concerning more complicated and comprehensive projects. They focus on a group of projects, which are made of many innovational projects concerning various majors and areas. With the aim to lower management risk, sustain higher development, it is necessary for us to do some research on such enterprise’s.management mode .The general characteristic and rules that we have found must be a useful reference to the company management. 1.The changes of business situation and the characteristic of the project-driven intellective enterprise
项目管理者联盟
1.1The changing course of the business situation and the challenge项目管理者联盟
Since the Father of Management, Taylor, presenting the concept of scientific management at the beginning of the 20 Century, thanks to the development of management science and technique, the human society has made outstanding accomplishments and glory civilization. Our society has undergoing some periods. Firstly, the period (from the beginning of 1950s to the 1980s) of “producer decision”, which is a comparatively scarce and deficient stage. Then, the period of the consumer and producer co-decision (from the 1950s to 1980s). Now we are confront a period of consumer deciding. Meanwhile, the business situation also undergoes the process, namely, from comparatively stationary to uncertainty, then to the more risky and changeable. Regarding the producing style, it changes from the single and extensive mode to variety and in extensive, finally it now becomes the mode of “specifically and professional?”项目管理者联盟
All these changes have brought vast impact on the companies ’strategy, organization, network, procedure, incentive, statistic, and culture. Since the management theory and practical system have changed a lot, the companies are facing up more and more fierce challenges.项目管理者联盟
When stepping into the 1990s, the business situation with the three characteristic of change, competition and customer requirement has made great changes, specifically speaking, it can be conclude into four points: To begin with, it is the increasing changes brings more risky and uncertainty. Then, because the number of benefit-concerning people is increasing, and the competition becoming fiercer, the benefit are in extensive divided and the price chain is prolonged. Thirdly, the client’s requirements are focusing on quality, time, cost, efficiency, competition, etc, is becoming high. Accordingly, the challenge is fierce. Finally, the system is becoming more complicated, especially in the area of technique, organization, area, situation, human resource and method. In the coming new era, as we usually called the new economy time or the knowledge economy time, the project-driven intellective enterprise will well meet the requirements of the new business situation.bbs.mypm.net
In the new business situation, in order to enhance the efficiency, lower the cost, the enterprises should posses the exact strategy; clarify target, and flat organization structure.项目管理者联盟
We should build up the study-oriented organization with the aim to fulfill the scientific and extensive decision. It is necessary to make reasonable authorize and scientific and democratic decision, therefore to lower the risk. The project –driven intellective enterprise can grasp the development process of companies and adapt to the changing mode. Thus it can be promising and vigorously. 1.2 The characteristic of project-driven intellective enterprise项目管理者联盟
In the new business circumstance, the challenge of management is more complicated, uncertainty, and competitive. All these changes lead to great effect on the manage concept, theory and method. In the new situation the life cycle of the traditional business is shortening, while the creative action becoming more. The new character is that the business is more like the project. The core business of the project-driven intellective enterprise is one and one creative projects. The characters of such kind of enterprise can be concluded as bellows: 项目管理者联盟
1.2.1. Be centralizing on the high-tech. Area 转自项目管理者联盟
The traditional project-driven enterprise are basically on the area of architecture and infrastructure, specifically speaking, that is some engineering construction, which concerning the business such as the comparatively mature, certainty and small project. However, the project-driven intellectual enterprises often focuses on the development and management of the creative project, mainly concentrate on the domain of IT, modern agricultural, pharmacy, finance, security, insurance, training, consulting and pharmacy, etc.项目管理者联盟
1.2.2. Be Capable of innovation项目管理培训
The project –driven intellective enterprises are capable of creative. They continuously bring forth the new products and service, which results in the new requirements. Thus, they can better satisfy the new requirements. The project-driven intellective enterprises, usually on the basis of cooperation and creative, form the creative culture. Meanwhile, they can put forward the development of industry. 项目管理者联盟
1.2.3 Bed eveloping business fast项目管理者联盟
The project-driven enterprise can well grasp the fleeting business opportunity and build up the vast business network. Thanks to their capability of development, they can fulfill one and one project and propel the growing of companies at high speed.项目管理者联盟
1.2.4 Be capable of knowledge management 项目管理者联盟
The project-driven intellective enterprise can accumulate continuously, and then successfully transfer the individual knowledge-based capital into the organizational knowledge capital. Through the efficient business, such enterprise may learn from it and this does help the enterprise to form its invisible assets. Due to the well knowledge management, such kind of enterprise may lower the risk of brain drain in the new business circumstance and maintain the creative capability.club.mypm.net
1.2.5 Be capable of project management 项目管理者联盟
Project, which is the basis of such kind of enterprise, determines the development of every enterprise. Such enterprise lay stress on the use and development of the project management mode. Furthermore, they pay attention to the relationship between the enterprise and project. Being closely connected with the companies’ strategy, the project can be fulfilled successfully. 项目管理者联盟
1.2.6 The enterprise culture plays an important role项目管理者联盟
The largest asset of project-driven intellective enterprise is intellective team. Among them, the most important asset is the intellective personnel. It posses the characters of independent, creative and mobility. The culture, with the feature of credit, enterprising, cooperative, service and open, may enhance the cohesion of the enterprise in order to meet all kinds of challenges. 2 The developing stage and the core compactness of the project-driven intellective enterprise
项目管理者联盟
2.1 the dividend of the developing process of the project-driven intellective enterprise项目管理者联盟
2.1.1 The starting stage.
This process is mainly depending on the individual’s creative and adventure spirit.项目管理者联盟
The key point of management is researching and developing, marketing.PgMp.mypm.net
2.1.2 the stage of collectivization项目管理者联盟
The collectivization means many special managers to administer some departments, aiming to found and manage team to give some directions to the staff and help them to execute the decision. The key idea of management is control and plan.转自项目管理者联盟
2.1.3 standardize stage项目管理者联盟
At this stage, the enterprise grows up with a higher speed. The partial marketing is changing into a more widespread and essential market. The number of the staff is expanding quickly. Additionally, the branches of departments are becoming more, the network and marketing district are more decentralized. The key opinion is franchise and control.项目管理者联盟文章
2.1.4 meticulous stages项目管理者联盟
In this period the enterprise ground on the more standardized and comprehensive manage system and process, that is an advancing information system of management knowledge. The value chain is prolonged; the potential and efficiency are improved. Standardize and coordinate is the essential idea.项目管理者联盟
2.1.5 The stage of creating new strategy项目管理者联盟
The enterprises’ scale is expanding shiftily at this stage. It requires a flat organization, vitality and cooperation. It is necessary to adopt many administration methods and build up some teams in this phase. These teams are founded according to the products and geology in order to adapt to the intensive competition. We should take the enterprise into some smaller ones. Through diversified operation, these smaller companies may regain the creative idea and enthusiasm like in the starting period. The major concept is creative and cooperation.转自项目管理者联盟
2.2 the core competence of the project-driven intellective enterprise项目管理者联盟文章
The core competence is the one owned by an enterprise uniquely, namely a kind of competence cannot be imitate by competitors. Such competence is respected in some aspects, for instance, the service, technique, management, human resource, team, culture and idea. In China it shows that the decision-maker often prefer more to systemize, scientific and institution than incentive, network and culture (mainly refer to the view of value). However, the latter are the essential competence of the project-driven intellective enterprise. The project-driven enterprise needs to analyze many successful cases. Their service and products should well express the creative results of the intellective staff.talent.mypm.net
It is reported by some famous transnational corporation that there are seven factors that made up the success, they are strategy, structure, incentive, culture, network, procedure, calculating method. Among them culture is the core factor. Culture and concept determine the study and sustainable developed ability of an enterprise. The accomplishment of creative projects can propel the development of enterprise. Therefore, how to choose and operate the project are the crucial point and the core competence. 3. The vicissitude of the management mode of the project-driven intellective enterprise
项目管理者联盟
The core business of the project-driven enterprise is developing and operating. Such action Which have the trait of many assignments, clear target, budget and phases can be deemed as projects. It can be managed by the way of specialized and technical as project management. Such method is better than the normal method. The project can be divided into three grades according to the complication, management range. They are company, department and groups. On account of the trait and creative degree, it can also be classified into three kinds, they are keeping, ameliorate and create. 项目管理者联盟
The project-driven intellective project may be well adapted to the further requirement in the new business circumstance. As time goes by, the various growing –up stage must be connect with different management modes. The project management is becoming more and more important. Though it has its own development stage, the project-driven intellective enterprise must fit to the new requirement of management in the new business situation. It is known that the management mode of the project-driven intellective enterprise can be divided into three phases: firstly, the traditional managing projects. Secondly, managing like the project management. Finally, the modern mode is managing according to project. In future, the mode of strategy project management and project stock should be the mainstream. bbs.mypm.net
3.1 The traditional management mode of the project-driven intellective enterprise: manage projectclub.mypm.net
In this stage: the decision-maker pays more attention on research and development market. The concept of this kind of mode is that the project management is to fulfill the project in certain time, cost, and quality standard. The project manager is a passive executer. They often manage the project by the way of manage a corporation instead. The professional manager is insufficient. The extensive manage method is adopted. There is no concept of intellective manage. Such a mode is often applied to the starting stage and the collectivization stage. In this phase, the organization structure is informal or collective. The development is based on opportunity or by chance. The success depends on the area with potential demander that the decision-maker first enters occasionally, and then: accumulates the experience and funds rapidly. At this stage, the mainly risk for the project-driven intellective enterprise is the incorrect choice of the decision-maker, the brain drain and the insufficiency of the professional manager.项目管理者联盟
3.2The modern management mode: managing as a project management, managing by the project. 项目经理圈子
In the stage, the level of management is improved. The matrix organization structure is broadly adopted. The mode, that is to manage like project manage is applied. Through the flat and compressed organization structure, the staff has the right to make use of the exterior resources and establish a study-orient modern organization.项目管理者联盟
Since 1990’s more than 50% corporations manage like project management. The project-driven intellective enterprise adopts professional project management. Thus, its outstanding merits in the area of new product research and development, marketing, and technique create surpasses the project itself. It has now be seen as a manage concept and mode, like we call it “mange as a project management, or mange according to the project”.项目管理者联盟
In fact, the project is a problem to be solved, a mission to be executed. The project can be divided into some sub-projects. For the enterprise it is a target to be finished in the prefixed time and budget. It is also a trans-department and multi area concerned action. To manage according to project is to break up the rigid bureaucrat structure and solve the problem by the cooperating of many departments. It is necessary to introduce the new concept in the starting stage of new products-development, marketing, skill innovation. To build up the matrix organization structure according to the method of managing as a project does. The breakthrough of such concept is cultivating the creative company culture. training.mypm.net
3.3 the future management mode: strategy project management, project joint-stock mode项目管理者联盟
With the corporation’s development, its development strategy, project management and the marketing management is gradually to be combined. The mainstream mode of project-driven intellective enterprise management is strategy project management mode, which is to deduct the percentage of daily management by the way of standardize and process reforming, to change the mode from professional management mode to the whole project management mode and divide the strategy into a group of projects, according to the rule of project management. In such a stage, in order to finish the target project, the essential single and partial business should be divided by the method of WBS, OBS and CBS. It is necessary to put the network plan and milestone supervising into practice. The enterprises’ value concept is to satisfy the person concerned. The management purpose is to satisfy the leaders and the benefactors.项目管理者联盟
In this stage, the project-driven intellective enterprises manage the whole projects of one enterprise by focusing on the whole strategy. Since the development of the enterprise depends on the future success of strategy project, it is important to manage the high-risk strategy project by way of stock management, which is to divide the project into some shares. Additionally, the BOT method will play an important role in developing the new strategy project in order to make a sustainable development.www.mypm.net
Moreover, the strategy project office is generally existed. The efficiency team and talented person become the backbone of the enterprise. The core culture of such kind of enterprise is co-developing. 4. Conclusion项目管理者联盟
|
