关于工程量变化要求调价的案

      在FIDIC、世行或非行等国际工程的合同条款里面，都有这样一条条款：“在最终的单项工程量超过原工程量的25%，并且该单项工程额也超过原工程总价的1%的时候，监理有权对该单项工程的单价进行调整。”

      在我们实施这个项目的时候，现场监理就以此条款要求发函给我们，要求我们一个单项工程的单价重新进行价格分解，并建议给单价调整为原来单价的1/50。这是非常不合理的一个要求，如果价格分解不合理，或者应对不对的话。光此单项，我们就有可能面临损失10多万美元的代价。所以，光生气是没有用的，必须利用合同条款进行应对！（实际上，该单项我们的利润是非常丰厚的。）

      针对该单项，我仔细的研究了一下，发现在投标时的主管道上我们施工时该单项（管道保护）发生数量只有501个，而大量增加的管道保护却发生在监理的一项大的变更－－次管网变更上。于是应对的方法就有了，下面是我针对监理的无礼要求发的一封函件：

Sub      :     TERTIARY PIPELINE FOR XAI-XAI AND CHOKWE PROJECT

Dear Sir,

This letter has reference to your letter Ref: 144 dated on 04^th November 2006 regarding the Bill Item 2.1.3.1. We had close checked the quantities and found out that the protection for the initial main pipeline were ONLY No. 501, which the changes did not exceeds 1 percent of the Initial Contract Price stated in the Conditions of Contract. But most of other protections happened were due to your TERTIARY PIPELINE variation, which did not included in our initial contract. Please tell the different conception of “ Initial quantity” and “ Extra quantity”. You should put the all items of the tertiary pipeline works into the V.O, separating them from the initial contract.

The tertiary pipeline works are EXTRA WORKS and actually it is a really very big VARIATION in our contract. According to Sub-clause 40.2, “if the nature or timing of the work in the Variation does not correspond with items in the Bill of Quantities, the quotation by the Contractor shall be in the form of new rates for the relevant items of works”.

As you know, due to the prices increment of the oil and steel in today’s international market, the sub-products prices are far more expensive than the prices we bidden two years ago. Another fact is the pressure test, chlorination and flushing were not even covering the basic costs. Since the tertiary pipeline were not included in our initial contract, the rates in our original contract look like very uneconomic or loss to us, we have to provide the new quotation according to sub-clause 40.2.

But in consideration of the relationship with Client and push the project forward smoothly, we did not request to adjust the prices for all the items. If you are insisting to adjust the rates of Bill OF Items 2.1.3.1 and 2.1.3.2, we have to provide our new quotations for all other items due to tertiary pipeline variation.

Your consideration of price adjustment was not acceptable. And we still reserve the right to claim additional costs due to your variation.

Thank you for your usual cooperation.

Yours sincerely,

      从该信函可以看出，针对监理提出的原工程单价和现在要求单价的概念的基础上，我提出了原工程量的概念。并且明确告诉监理，工程量的大量增加是由于监理的变更引起的。如果监理坚持要把该单价调整为原来单价的1/50，我们就要求对此变更引起的所有其它的单价进行调整。 理由是：

1. 根据合同条款，当我们认为变更中原来项目的单价在目前的市场经济条件下，不再经济的情况下，我们有权针对变更项设计的所有单项进行单价调整；（两年前的投标价格和目前的市场价格明显不一样）；
2. 另外，众所周知近两年来国际市场的原油和钢铁的价格猛涨，直接导致其附属产品的价格上涨，比如：PVC管道和钢管件。按道理我们有权对变更设计到的此类单项进行价格重新报价，但考虑到项目的顺利实施和业主的关系，我们并没有这样做。如果监理不考虑这点的话，我们保留重新报价的权力；

      实际上，施工过程中会遇到很多这样比较棘手的无礼的要求。如何应对，怎样应对，很关键。由于这封函件的发送出去，监理再也没有提到改变单价的事情了，我们也为此挽救了10多万美元的损失。