很高兴和daijiangbao非常认真地探讨这个案例。
我做过的国外项目不多,且均为世行项目,招投标时使用的是世行的标准文档,其中已包括BQ单、合同通用、特殊条款、技术规格书等内容。一旦中标,这些文档会成为合同的组成部分,而不是合同的附属物。就是说,BQ单本身就是合同的一部分。
在国内投标时,一旦中标后商务和技术都可以重新再谈,可以说,这种程序的不规范为暗箱操作提供了方便。世行项目使用的不是业主的钱,所以对业主行为的限制严格得多,一旦开标,双方就被拴住了。
FIDIC通用条款1.5明确规定: The documents forming the Contract are to be taken as mutually explanatory of one another. For the purposes of interpretation, the priority of the documents shall be in accordance with the following sequence: (a) the Contract Agreement (if any), (b) the Letter of Acceptance, (c) the Letter of Tender, (d) the Particular Conditions - Part A, (e) the Particular Conditions - Part B, (f) these General Conditions, (g) the Specification, (h) the Drawings, and (i) the Schedules and any other documents forming part of the Contract. If an ambiguity or discrepancy is found in the documents, the Engineer shall issue any necessary clarification or instruction. 可见,双方的中标函、投标函是双方的合同文档的一部分,而且比合同的条款本身具有更高的约束力。
daijiangbao说“投标的工作量和实际工作量有差别,这个错误应该由客户来承担,不该是承包商的责任”。这是不符合FIDIC单价合同的精神的。FIDIC的通用条款中,明确指出: Variations may be initiated by the Engineer at any time prior to issuing the Taking-Over Certificate for the Works, either by an instruction or by a request for the Contractor to submit a proposal. ...... Each Variation may include: (a) changes to the quantities of any item of work included in the Contract (however,such changes do not necessarily constitute a Variation), (b) changes to the quality and other characteristics of any item of work, (c) changes to the levels, positions and/or dimensions of any part of the Works, (d) omission of any work unless it is to be carried out by others, (e) any additional work, Plant, Materials or services necessary for the Permanent Works, including any associated Tests on Completion, boreholes and other testing and exploratory work, or (f) changes to the sequence or timing of the execution of the Works. The Contractor shall not make any alteration and/or modification of the Permanent Works, unless and until the Engineer instructs or approves a Variation.
允许工程师更改数量是单价合同的精髓,否则就成总价合同了。
daijiangbao说“对本案来说,业主和工程师可以有权提出工作量变更,承包商也可以就此提出变更的补偿,合情合理”。这个意见我同意。但这个意见与其前提出的“不能索赔”的题目不符合。daijiangbao的意见是坚持要求163基,这个要求是不能被支持的。可以要求的是由于数量减少而造成的费用分摊不足。
我怀疑案例中承包方的不平衡报价伎俩已被业主识破,请君入翁后,再削减高价部分。如果你是一个负责任的公司,还想在国际承包市场上出现,就该踏踏实实地履行已承诺义务。利用一些条款来合理地降低损失。 |